Linguistic content and examples
Levels 5 and 6 (in addition to levels 1–4)
This section iillustrates the kind of language and the expected degree of difficulty for the levels 5 and 6 band. The examples do not form a comprehensive list for these banded levels, but rather are an exemplification of the language focus for levels 5 and 6.
Verbs
Regular verbs of all conjugations
| Future and future perfect active indicative
| amabo, amavero
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| Passive indicative (all tenses)
| amor, amabor, amabar, amatus sum, amatus ero, amatus eram
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| Deponent indicative (all tenses)
| sequor, sequar, sequebar, secutus sum, secutus ero, secutus eram
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| Subjunctive (imperfect and pluperfect active only)
| amarem; amavissem
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| Present, future and perfect passive and active participles
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amans, -tis; amaturus, -a, -um; amatus, -a, -um;
egressus, -a, -um
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| Gerundive of obligation
| mihi effugiendum est
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| Infinitives (perfect and future active)
| amavisse; amaturus,-a,-um esse
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| Irregular verbs (future and future perfect indicative and imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive)
| potero, potuero, possem, potuissem
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| New irregular verbs (all indicative tenses and imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive)
| ire, ferre
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Pronouns (all cases)
| Personal
| mecum, tecum, nobiscum, vobiscum
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| Reflexive
| sui, secum
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| Demonstrative
| hoc, hac, hoc; illo, illa, illo; eo, ea, eo
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| Relative
| quo, qua, quo
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| Interrogative
| quis, quis, quid?; qui, quae, quod?
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| Emphatic
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum
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| Other
| alius, - a, - ud; alter, - a, - um; quidam, quaedam, quoddam; idem, eadem, idem
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Nouns
| Declensions 1–5
| flumen, fluminis (n); manus, -us (f) genu, -us (n); res, rei (f)
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Cases
| Accusative:
- extent of time and distance;
- motion towards a place (names of towns, cities, small islands, humus rus and domus)
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- totam noctem; murus sex pedes altus est
- Romam iit; domum rediit
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| Genitive:
- partitive
- descriptive
- after adjectives
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- multi civium
- vir magnae sapientiae
- fratris similis est
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| Dative: agent with gerundive
| mihi effugiendum est
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| Ablative:
- motion from a place (names of towns, cities, small islands, humus, rus, domus)
- point of time and time within which
- instrument
- agent
- absolute
- descriptive
- manner
- with common verbs
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- Roma abiit; rure
- tertio die, tribus annis
- gladio necatus est
- a servo necatus est
- pecunia amissa, puer domum rediit
- senex sordida toga
- cum multis lacrimis
- gladio usus est
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Adjectives
| Irregular comparative and superlative forms
| melior; optimus
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| Demonstrative
| hic, haec, hoc; ille, illa, illud; is, ea, id
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| Other pronominal
| alius, -a, -ud; alter, -a, - um; quidam, quaedam, quoddam; idem, eadem, idem
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Prepositions
| With the accusative case
| ante, apud, contra, extra, in, intra, inter, ob, praeter, propter, sub, super, trans, ultra
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| With the ablative case
| a/ab, in, prae, pro, sine, sub, super
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Question words
| Question words
| qualis, -is, -e; quando; quantus, -a, -um; quare; quo, quomodo; quot; unde; utrum … an
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Adverbs
| Comparison of some regular and irregular
| diu; saepe; bene; male; magnopere; paulum; multum
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Numerals
| All cases of 1–3 and 1000
| unus, duo, tres, mille
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Subordinate noun clauses
| indirect statement
| Miles dixit Caesarem venire.
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| indirect question
| Miles rogavit unde Caesar veniret.
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| indirect command and request
| Caesar ei persuasit ut exiret.
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Subordinate adverbial clauses
| purpose: ut, ne
| Agrícola Romam iit ut regem videret.
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| Result: ut, ut … non
| Pueri tam celeriter cucurrerunt ut eos non capere possemus.
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| Time:
- antequam, (meaning “before” with indicative)
- cum (meaning “when” with subjunctive)
- dum (meaning “while” with indicative)
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- antequam discedo, hoc dicam.
- cum clientes advenissent, omnes cenaverunt.
- dum cenant, canis ingens apparuit
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