Linguistic content and examples
Levels 3 and 4 (in addition to levels 1 and 2)
This section iillustrates the kind of language and the expected degree of difficulty for the levels 3 and 4 band. The examples do not form a comprehensive list for these banded levels, but rather are an exemplification of the language focus for levels 3 and 4.
Verbs
| Present and perfect stems
| laborare; laboravi
|
| Four conjugations – all tenses singular and plural except for future and future perfect tenses
|
amo, amabam, amavi, amaveram
moneo, monebam, monui, monueram
rego, regebam, rexi, rexeram
audio, audiebam, audivi, audiverama
|
| Present active infinitive as prolative infinitive and with impersonal expressions
| Salvius servum videre non poterat; difficile est hoc facere
|
| Irregular verbs, singular and plural, except for future and future perfect tenses
| esse, velle, nolle, malle, posse
|
Pronouns
(In nominative, accusative, and dative cases only)
| Personal
| me, te, nos, vos, nobis, vobis
|
| Reflexive
| se, sibi
|
| Demonstrative
| hic, haec, hoc; ille, illa, illud; is, ea, id
|
| Relative
| qui, quae, quod
|
Nouns
| Declensions (1–3)
| ancilla – ae (f); servus – i (m); tablinum – i (n); rex – regis (m); civis – is (c)
|
Use of cases
| Nominative: subject and complement
| Quintus est filius; filius in atrio sedet.
|
| Vocative
| Quinte, mi fili, ubi es?
|
| Accusative: object and after prepositions
| Salvius servos ad se vocavit.
|
| Genitive
| Libertus Salvii pecuniam cupiebat.
|
| Dative: indirect object; in impersonal expressions and after the verbs faveo, studeo, and appropinquo
|
puer donum matri dedit;
melius est tibi ire; senex fonti appropinquabat
|
| Ablative: after prepositions
| Servus e fundo discessit.
|
Adjectives
(Positive, comparative, and superlative)
| 1–3 declensions with agreement
| altus, -a, -um; altior, -ius; altissimus, -a, -um; facilis, -is, -e; facilior, -ius; facillimus, -a, -um
|
| Possessive
| meus, -a, -um; tuus, -a, -um; suus, -a, -um; noster, nostra, nostrum; vester, vestra, vestrum
|
Conjunctions
| Conjunctions
| e t/ -que; postquam; sed; quod (with indicative); ubi; simulatque /simulac; quamquam (with indicative)
|
Prepositions
| Prepositions
| de, circum, cum, in, per, post, ad, e/ex, prope
|
Question words
| Question words
| num; nonne, -ne, ubi, cur
|
Adverbs
Positive and superlative
| Adverbs
| subito, ita, igitur, tum; celeriter, celerrime
|
Interjections and exclamations
| Interjections and exclamations
| eheu; quam stultus est!
|
Numerals
Back to top
